[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.biofrog.cz\/spektroskopie-jako-ucinny-nastroj-vedy\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.biofrog.cz\/spektroskopie-jako-ucinny-nastroj-vedy\/","headline":"Spektroskopie jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj v\u011bdy","name":"Spektroskopie jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj v\u011bdy","description":"Zaj\u00edmalo v\u00e1s n\u011bkdy, jak v\u011bdci vlastn\u011b zkoumaj\u00ed jevy a struktury, kter\u00e9 nejsou oku viditeln\u00e9 ani p\u0159es ten nejlep\u0161\u00ed elektronov\u00fd mikroskop? Jak p\u0159esn\u011b se ur\u010duje koncentrace molekul v roztoku a co z toho lze zjistit? Odpov\u011bd\u00ed je studium interakce elektromagnetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed (rozum\u011bjte sv\u011btla) s hmotou. A jak k tomu vlastn\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed? Inu, ka\u017ed\u00fd se ji\u017e na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole u\u010dil o …","datePublished":"2019-09-23","dateModified":"2023-05-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.biofrog.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.biofrog.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f5ad5dcd5c02ecc0fdaf1fe4b2e9a39ad5c5cc2b614885090f6f77b1ccabb3a9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f5ad5dcd5c02ecc0fdaf1fe4b2e9a39ad5c5cc2b614885090f6f77b1ccabb3a9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"biofrog.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.biofrog.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a355169_w3711_t1569573200.png","url":"https:\/\/www.biofrog.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a355169_w3711_t1569573200.png","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.biofrog.cz\/spektroskopie-jako-ucinny-nastroj-vedy\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":438,"articleBody":"Zaj\u00edmalo v\u00e1s n\u011bkdy, jak v\u011bdci vlastn\u011b zkoumaj\u00ed jevy a struktury, kter\u00e9 nejsou oku viditeln\u00e9 ani p\u0159es ten nejlep\u0161\u00ed elektronov\u00fd mikroskop? Jak p\u0159esn\u011b se ur\u010duje koncentrace molekul v roztoku a co z toho lze zjistit? Odpov\u011bd\u00ed je studium interakce elektromagnetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed (rozum\u011bjte sv\u011btla) s hmotou. A jak k tomu vlastn\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed? Inu, ka\u017ed\u00fd se ji\u017e na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole u\u010dil o spektru elektromagnetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a dle n\u011bj je tak\u00e9 spektroskopie rozd\u011blena. Interakce mohou nastat v oblasti:·         Mikrovlnn\u00e9 – zp\u016fsobuje rotaci molekul (princip mikrovlnn\u00e9 trouby).·         R\u00e1diov\u00e9·         Infra\u010derven\u00e9·         Viditeln\u00e9·         Ultrafialov\u00e9·         Rentgenov\u00e9·         Gama paprskyJak je mo\u017en\u00e1 obecn\u011b zn\u00e1mo, sv\u011btlo m\u00e1 du\u00e1ln\u00ed charakter, tedy korpuskul\u00e1rn\u011b-vlnov\u00fd. Prakticky to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i del\u0161\u00edch vlnov\u00fdch d\u00e9lk\u00e1ch pozorujeme sp\u00ed\u0161e vlnov\u00fd charakter (mikrovlnn\u00e9, r\u00e1diov\u00e9) a u ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch vlnov\u00fdch d\u00e9lek zase \u010d\u00e1sticov\u00fd charakter (Gama). Z tohoto faktu vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee odli\u0161n\u00e9 oblasti vykazuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 interakce s hmotou.Jak prob\u00edh\u00e1 interakce ve viditeln\u00e9 a ultrafialov\u00e9 oblasti? Foton je absorbov\u00e1n elektrony ve vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch slupk\u00e1ch elektronov\u00e9ho obalu, a ty jsou excitov\u00e1ny do vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch energetick\u00fdch hladin. Dle spinu t\u011bchto elektron\u016f tak\u00e9 rozli\u0161ujeme singletn\u00ed a tripletn\u00ed stav. P\u0159ejde-li tento excitovan\u00fd elektron skrze z\u00e1\u0159ivou deexcitaci na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed energetickou hladinu, bav\u00edme se o fluorescenci. To nap\u0159\u00edklad pozorujeme u UV sv\u011btla. Naopak pokud dojde ke konverzi do tripletn\u00edho stavu a k deexcitaci dojde znovu na singletn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed energetickou hladinu, jedn\u00e1 se o fosforescenci. T\u00e9 si zase m\u016f\u017eeme v\u0161imnou u d\u011bt\u00ed v pokoj\u00ed\u010dku v podob\u011b sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00edch hv\u011bzdi\u010dek nebo bub\u00e1k\u016f z Kinder vaj\u00ed\u010dka. To byl tedy jeden typ interakce, ale jak vid\u00edme, ve spektru je celkem 7 r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed v laborato\u0159i je u stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed koncentrace l\u00e1tek s aromatick\u00fdmi kruhy. Plat\u00ed \u00fam\u011bra, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace, t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed absorpce. D\u00e1le lze studovat denaturaci DNA nebo jemnou strukturu protein\u016f.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.2\/5 - (4 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Spektroskopie jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj v\u011bdy","item":"https:\/\/www.biofrog.cz\/spektroskopie-jako-ucinny-nastroj-vedy\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]